Hoist Bay, Namakan Lake where the Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Company loaded its logs, ca. 1920.

Hoist Bay on Namakan Lake

Hoist Bay, Namakan Lake where the Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Company loaded its logs, ca. 1920.

A sleigh load of white pine logs about to be tripped, Virginia and Rainy Lake Company, ca. 1920.

Sleigh of pine logs

A sleigh load of white pine logs about to be tripped, Virginia and Rainy Lake Company, ca. 1920.

 Gappa Landing, on Lake Kabetogama, Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Company, ca. 1920.

Gappa Landing on Lake Kabetogama

Gappa Landing, on Lake Kabetogama, Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Company, ca. 1920.

Virginia and Rainy Lake Company locomotive, ca. 1915.

Virginia and Rainy Lake Company locomotive

Virginia and Rainy Lake Company locomotive, ca. 1915.

Virginia and Rainy Lake Mill, Virginia, ca. 1910.

Virginia and Rainy Lake Mill

Virginia and Rainy Lake Mill, Virginia, ca. 1910.

Camp for workers laying tracks for the Virginia and Rainy Lake Railway north of Virginia, 1902.

Railroad construction crew’s camp

Camp for workers laying tracks for the Virginia and Rainy Lake Railway north of Virginia, 1902.

Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Camp 39, about one mile north of Echo Lake, ca. 1916. Visible are the root house (in the foreground, next to the office) and the filling shack. Photograph Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul

Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Camp 39

Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Camp 39, about one mile north of Echo Lake, ca. 1916. Visible are the root house (in the foreground, next to the office) and the filling shack.

Destruction of Bois Forte Ojibwe Homeland, 1891–1929

From 1890 to 1910, timber speculators and lumbermen patented most of the valuable pine lands in north-central Minnesota—the homeland of the Bois Forte Ojibwe. By the 1920s, dams and deforestation had so damaged the landscape that it could no longer support the tribe’s subsistence economy, and its members were forced onto their reservation at Nett Lake.

A bumper sticker (created in 1975) proclaiming Minnesota-brewed beer, including Hamm’s and Schmidt’s—founded by Theodore Hamm’s one-time friend and business competitor.

Minnesota Brewery bumper sticker

A bumper sticker (created in 1975) proclaiming Minnesota-brewed beer, including Hamm’s and Schmidt’s—founded by Theodore Hamm’s one-time friend and business competitor.

A souvenir totem pole, created ca. 1970, with a depiction of the Hamm’s bear. This piece is a good example of Hamm’s Brewing Company’s use of generic and often inaccurate Indigenous iconography in their advertising. Although this object was made by an Ojibwe family, totem-pole carving is not an Anishinaabe tradition; the art form is practiced by Indigenous groups on the West Coast of the United States and Canada, including the Haida, the Tlingit, and the Nuxalk.

Hamm’s Beer miniature totem pole

A souvenir totem pole, created ca. 1970, with a depiction of the Hamm’s bear. This piece is a good example of Hamm’s Brewing Company’s use of generic and often inaccurate Indigenous iconography in its advertising. Although this object was made by an Ojibwe family, totem-pole carving is not an Anishinaabe tradition; the art form is practiced by Indigenous groups on the West Coast of the United States and Canada, including the Haida, the Tlingit, and the Nuxalk.

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