Sample of baling twine produced by the twine factory at the Minnesota State Prison, Stillwater, between 1891 and 1925. Prisoners bundled the twine by coiling it, flattening the coil, and binding the coil in a tight cylindrical spiral.
A cornerstone of the prison labor system for almost eighty years, the binder twine factory at the Minnesota State Prison employed thousands of inmates who produced over a billion pounds of cordage for regional farmers. The twine-manufacturing industry began at the original facility and continued at a custom-built factory on a new site after the prison moved in 1914. The factory closed in 1970.
Nellie Stone Johnson at work inside Nellie's Shirt and Zipper repair shop, Lumber Exchange Building 1035, Minneapolis, November 1980. Photograph by Elizabeth M. Hall.