Carte-de-visite photograph of Ojibwe woman

Ojibwe woman

Ojibwe woman, ca. 1885.

Nick Metcalf (Čhetáŋ Zi), with adopted son, Sonny (Hokšíčala Čhaŋté Ma Yuhá), on the cover of Gay Parent magazine, November/December 2002.

Nicholas and Sonny Metcalf

Nicholas Metcalf (Sicangu Lakota) holding his adopted son, Sonny (Hokšíčala Čhaŋté Ma Yuhá; Child of My Heart), on the cover of Gay Parent magazine, November/December 2002. Metcalf's Lakota name, Čhetáŋ Zi, means Yellow Hawk.

Black and white photograph of a boarding school for American Indian children in Tower, Minnesota, ca. 1935.

Boarding school for American Indian children in Tower

Boarding school for American Indian children in Tower, Minnesota, ca. 1935.

Black and white photograph of an Ojibwe family in canoe on Lake Vermilion, ca. 1905.

Ojibwe family in canoe on Lake Vermilion

Ojibwe family in canoe on Lake Vermilion, ca. 1905.

Minnesota Public School Fund

In 1854, the United States took the mineral-rich lands of northeastern Minnesota Territory from the Ojibwe Nation after the signing of the Treaty of La Pointe. Four years later, it granted to the new state of Minnesota sections 16 and 36 of every one of its townships, either to be held in trust or leased to support state schools. Close to three million acres were dedicated to a public school trust fund, and the iron ore and forest lands of the Ojibwe generated over 85 percent of its value. In 2017, it is worth over a billion dollars.

Color image of Native American pictographs at Lac La Croix in the BWCA, 1964.

Native American pictographs at Lac La Croix

Native American pictographs at Lac La Croix in the BWCA, 1964.

Flyer advertising an event held to celebrate the seventeenth anniversary of the founding of the American Indian Movement (AIM), 1985.

American Indian Movement flyer

Flyer advertising an event held to celebrate the seventeenth anniversary of the founding of the American Indian Movement (AIM), 1985.

American Indian Movement (AIM) patch commemorating the eighty-third anniversary of the Wounded Knee massacre in South Dakota, 1973.

American Indian Movement (AIM) patch

American Indian Movement (AIM) patch commemorating the eighty-third anniversary of the Wounded Knee massacre in South Dakota, 1973.

Postcard with photograph of AIM Patrol poster, 1991.

Postcard with photograph of AIM Patrol poster

Postcard with photograph of AIM Patrol poster, 1991. The postcard was sent to donors to the Cooperating Fund Drive in St. Paul.

Black and white photograph of AIM Patrol receiving donations, 1968.

AIM Patrol receiving donations

Five people look over cardboard boxes filled with supplies, September 14, 1968. Photograph by Roger Woo, courtesy of the American Indian Interpretative Center.

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