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Northrup, King and Company

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Northrup King Dahlia seed packet

Northrup King Dahlia seed packet, 1986.

With its lavishly illustrated seed catalogs and store displays, Northrup, King and Company became a household name at the turn of the twentieth century. The company sold hardy, Northern-grown garden seed before expanding into Northern field seed and plant hybrids.

Northrup, King and Co. was founded in 1884 as Northrup, Braslan and Company. Its founders, Jesse E. Northrup and Charles E. Braslan, moved to Minneapolis from the Eastern United States. They chose Minneapolis because they believed seeds grown in the North were resilient and productive, and because they viewed Minneapolis as an ideal distribution center. They published their first illustrated seed catalog in 1885. It used striking full-color lithographs that made a strong impression.

During the 1880s, Northrup and Braslan expanded their business but soon experienced trouble. In 1887, Northrup and Braslan invited A.H. Goodwin to partner with them. The men renamed the business Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin Company and expanded its reach. Yet after the economic panic of 1893 and a fire in the company building, the business could not pay back its debts.

In 1894, they sought relief from Colonel William S. King and his son Preston. The Kings' assistance was not enough, however, and in May 1896, Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin Co. went bankrupt. Six months later, in November 1896, the men incorporated a new business: Northrup, King and Co.

Northrup, King and Co. struggled for several years but had success by 1900. Its mail-order business peaked in 1909, and the company began to send salesmen to retailers across the state. The company continued selling seeds for garden use but also began to sell field seed for farming.

The cold Minnesota weather was a major selling point for Northrup, King and Co. The company created its Polar Brand to emphasize the virtues of Northern-grown seed. Northrup, King and Co. later developed other cold-weather brands called Sterling, Northland, and Viking. These brands differed in price and quality, and were targeted to different audiences. This made Northrup, King and Co. one of the first seed companies to use branding as a marketing technique.

In 1917, Northrup, King and Co. built a new headquarters in Minneapolis at 1500 Jackson Street Northeast. The company kept a retail store on Hennepin Avenue, but its new location was ideal for distributing seed. It was located where the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroads came together.

Corn hybrids became a major part of the company's business in the 1930s. In 1938, Northrup, King and Co. partnered with the University of Minnesota to test the company's hybrid corn varieties at Femco Farms in the Red River Valley. Their hybrids were engineered to have the best traits of different genetic strains. They were also very profitable, because the hybrid breeding process meant that the hybrids were intellectually protected even without patents.

In the 1960s, Northrup, King and Co. vice president Allenby White fought for patent protection for agricultural crops that were more difficult to hybridize. This expanded protection was initially rejected by the United States Congress but passed in 1970. It helped companies including Northrup, King and Co. but hurt horticulturalists and small farmers.

In 1968, Northrup, King and Co. offered its first public stock shares. The company grew rapidly after it went public, but in 1975 it saw significant losses. The next year, the company was purchased by a Swiss pharmaceutical company called Sandoz, Ltd. Sandoz bought the company for more than twice its book value, renamed it Northrup King, and invested heavily in research.

In 1986, Northrup King moved out of the large building that it had occupied on Jackson Street since 1917. In 1996, Debbie Woodward began managing the old Northrup King building. Under her management, it became home to art studios, art galleries, and nonprofit organizations. Sandoz, Ltd. went through several corporate mergers and reorganizations in the 1990s. In 1997, Northrup King became a subsidiary of Syngenta, where it became known as the NK brand.

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© Minnesota Historical Society
  • Bibliography
  • Related Resources

60 Years of Seed Experience at Your Service. Minneapolis, MN: Northrup King, 1945.

Cleland, J.H., "Corn Varieties Test at Femco Farms Aids Northern Growers." Minneapolis Tribune, October 9, 1938.

Collisson, Charles F., "New Strains of Super-Corn Being Developed in North West." Minneapolis Tribune, January 26, 1930.

Doyle, Jack. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply. New York: Viking Press, 1985.

Gihring, Tim, and Gregory J. Scott. "Secret Spaces: Deep Inside Minnesota's Largest Artists' Building," Minnesota Monthly (November 2011).

Northrup, King & Co: Its History and Functions. Minneapolis: Press of the Byron Printing Company, 1919.

"Northrup, King & Co., of this City one of the Largest Seed Concerns in the World." Minneapolis Star, February 24, 1910.

One Hundred Years of Trust, 1884–1984. Minneapolis, MN: Northrup King Co., 1984.

Youngblood, Dick, "Northrup, King Took an Offer It Couldn't Refuse." Minneapolis Tribune, September 26, 1976.

Related Images

Northrup King Dahlia seed packet
Northrup King Dahlia seed packet
Postcard advertising Northrup, King and Company's Sterling Seeds
Postcard advertising Northrup, King and Company's Sterling Seeds
Northrup, King and Company offices on Hennepin Avenue
Northrup, King and Company offices on Hennepin Avenue
Postcard advertising Northrup, King and Company carnations
Postcard advertising Northrup, King and Company carnations
Northrup, King and Company seed laboratory
Northrup, King and Company seed laboratory
Northrup, King and Company automatic weighing machine
Northrup, King and Company automatic weighing machine
Northrup, King and Company seed separator/cleaner
Northrup, King and Company seed separator/cleaner
Northrup King trade sign
Northrup King trade sign
Northrup, King and Company load of popcorn
Northrup, King and Company load of popcorn
Man with vegetables grown from Northrup, King seeds
Man with vegetables grown from Northrup, King seeds
Northrup, King and Company Sterling Chick Feed bag
Northrup, King and Company Sterling Chick Feed bag
Bags of Northrup, King and Company lawn seeds
Bags of Northrup, King and Company lawn seeds

Turning Point

In 1885, Northrup, Braslan and Company, later known as Northrup, King and Company, becomes a household name with its colorful mail-order seed catalogs.

Chronology

1884

Jesse E. Northrup and Charles E. Braslan establish a seed company called Northrup, Braslan and Company.

1885

Northrup, Braslan and Co. publishes its first illustrated seed catalog.

1887

A.H. Goodwin joins the company, making it Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin Company, and the new capital he provides is used to expand the business.

1894

In financial trouble, Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin Co. seeks temporary financial relief from Colonel William S. King and his son Preston.

1896

In May, Northrup, Braslan and Goodwin Co. declares bankruptcy; in November, a new company called Northrup, King and Company is incorporated.

1917

Northrup, King and Co. builds a new headquarters and distribution center in Minneapolis at 1500 Jackson Street Northeast.

1938

Northrup, King and Co. tests its hybrid corn at Femco Farms with the University of Minnesota.

1968

Northrup, King and Co. offers its first public stock shares.

1976

Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz, Ltd. acquires Northrup, King and Co. and soon renames it Northrup King.

1986

Northrup King moves out of the Jackson Street building that it has occupied since 1917.

1996

Debbie Woodward begins managing the old Northrup King building, which becomes home to art studios, art galleries, and nonprofit organizations.

1997

Northrup King becomes a subsidiary of Syngenta, where it is known as the NK Brand.









  

Comments

I found a hand-written letter from Amy C--Northrop from Staatsburg NY refunding my great-grandfather Preston Hall a dollar for his order of Dahlia bulbs in May 1924. Does this fit into your historical timeline? Was Amy a Northrop (seems to be spelled that way)? I can send a scan of letter and envelope if I get into a regular email system. Margaret Duff, descendent of the Halls of Dutchess Co NY.

It would be interesting to see if they were related, especially given the similarity of names. Do you have a scan to send to our team at mnopedia [at] mnhs [dot] org? We might be able to find something further. Thanks for bringing this to our attention!