Black and white photograph of Rev. Alphonse Reff standing in the pulpit at St. Mark’s African Methodist Episcopal Church, Duluth, July 8, 1975.

Rev. Alphonse Reff at the pulpit of St. Mark’s AME

Rev. Alphonse Reff standing in the pulpit at St. Mark’s African Methodist Episcopal Church, Duluth, July 8, 1975.

Rev. Denzil A. Carty

Rev. Denzil A. Carty

Rev. Denzil A. Carty, ca. 1950s. Used courtesy of the Hallie Q. Brown Community Center.

Rev. Denzil A. Carty

Rev. Denzil A. Carty

Rev. Denzil A. Carty, ca. 1950s. In The Scott Collection: Minnesota’s Black Community in the ‘50s, 60s, and ‘70s (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 2018), page 365.

Rev. Denzil A. Carty with Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

Rev. Denzil A. Carty (standing at center) with Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. (sitting) in 1956, during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. From the Minneapolis Spokesman-Recorder.

Black and white photograph of Rev. Eric Norelius, founder of the school that would become Gustavus Adolphus College.

Rev. Eric Norelius

Rev. Eric Norelius, founder of the school that would become Gustavus Adolphus College.

Rev. Michael J. Casey

Rev. Michael J. Casey

Rev. Michael J. Casey, date unknown. From New Church Dedication Book: A Retrospect of Thirty-Six Years, 1914–1950 (St. Paul: Church of St. Columba, [1950]), page 6.

Black and white photograph of Rev. William M. Majors, c.1920. Majors was pastor of St. Mark’s AME at the time of the 1920 Duluth lynchings.

Rev. William M. Majors

Rev. William M. Majors, c.1920. Majors was pastor of St. Mark’s AME at the time of the 1920 Duluth lynchings.

Black and white photograph of the Reverend Bernt J. Muus, c.1875.

Reverend Bernt J. Muus

The Reverend Bernt J. Muus, c.1875. Photographer: Mrs. John H. Oleson.

Black and white photograph of Reverend Bernt J. Muus, c.1880.

Reverend Bernt J. Muus

Photograph of Reverend Bernt J. Muus c.1880. Muus was a leading nineteenth century Norwegian-American Lutheran clergyman whose legal and personal clashes with his wife, Oline Pind Muus, led the couple to court in the early 1880s.

Black and white photograph of the Reverend Bernt J. Muus and family outside of Holden Parsonage in Kenyon, c.1875.

Reverend Bernt J. Muus and Family, Holden Parsonage

The Reverend Bernt J. Muus and family outside of Holden Parsonage in Kenyon, c.1875.

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