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Central Park, St. Paul

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Tinted photographic postcard on paper depicting Minnesota Street in St. Paul's Central Park, c.1895.

Tinted photographic postcard on paper depicting Minnesota Street in St. Paul's Central Park, c.1895.

St. Paul's Central Park began in 1885 as an amenity for a new, upscale neighborhood north of the business district. As the city around it changed, so did the park; by the 1930s it had become a playground and meeting place for children and students. In 1975 it became a parking ramp.

From 1885 to 1961, St. Paul had a Central Park. Unlike its vast, landscaped New York City namesake, this Central Park took up just one urban block and was designed to serve a single neighborhood.

Four wealthy families created Central Park. The Lampreys had built a fortune from law and real estate; the Dawsons got their money from banking (First National.) The Lindekes and Schurmeiers were principals of the wholesale merchandising firm of Lindeke, Warner, and Schurmeier. They all owned land a little south of University Avenue, between Robert and Cedar Streets.

As St. Paul boomed in the 1880s, uncontrolled building, much of it cheap and ugly, marched north toward the Lamprey and Dawson mansions, where the Minnesota Judicial Center stands today. To create a buffer for themselves and an asset for the city, in 1884 the families re-platted their real estate to create an open space: Central Park.

Over the next fifteen years the streets that straddled the park, Central Park Place East and Central Park Place West, filled with some of the finest mansions and apartment buildings in the city. Central Park became an enclave of the prosperous and a showcase for architect Clarence H. Johnston Sr.

Johnston designed many notable Minnesota buildings, including Northrop Auditorium and Williams Arena at the University of Minnesota and Duluth's Glensheen Mansion. He designed three of the first eight houses built on the park, most notably the Blood-Hardenbergh double house.

The city used the park for the first three Winter Carnival ice castles in 1886, 1887, and 1888, then landscaped it with trees and shrubs, curving sidewalks, benches, and a fountain. It became an elegant space well fitted to an elegant neighborhood. By 1891 three sides of the park, all but the south, featured fine brick and stone mansions.

Then apartment buildings appeared. The giant Macey, ninety-five feet wide, five stories tall, with elevators of brass and glass, designed by Charles Wallingford, dominated the southwest corner of the park and neighborhood starting in 1892. The even more massive Mayfair, probably sixty units, followed in 1906. Smaller complexes filled the remaining spaces.

The apartment buildings, though fine, set off a change in the character of the neighborhood. In 1909 the city chose the land just north of the park, once occupied by the Dawson and Lindeke mansions, for Mechanic Arts High School. On the south end of the park, the massive Minnesota Bakery Company went up in 1911. In 1915 the Lamprey house gave way to the Minnesota Historical Society headquarters. Central Park lost its status as a precinct of the wealthy. Some of the fine old houses were cut up into apartments.

In 1929 the city re-graded the center of the park into a playground and replaced the fountain with a (never-completed) wading pool. The Depression and World War II years, an era of little investment in inner St. Paul, followed. Central Park became an amenity for the children of the no-longer-prosperous neighborhood and the students of Mechanic Arts High.

Destruction of the neighborhood began in 1956 when land was cleared for the Centennial Building. Down went the Macey and all three Clarence Johnston houses; the Blood mansion was the last to go. By 1958 Central Park Place West had been obliterated.

The Centennial Building was just one part of a physical expansion of government around the mall of the Minnesota State Capitol in the 1950s. The Veterans Service Building, due south of the capitol, went up in 1953, the Highway (later Transportation) Building in 1958. The National Guard Armory, across from the park's southwest corner, opened in 1960. In 1961 the city re-platted Central Park as part of the capitol complex. The last of the original elegant houses went down in 1970, the last apartment building in 1974. Mechanic Arts High School fell in 1976.

In 1974 a thousand-car parking ramp, taking up a full city block, opened just to the east of the Centennial Building. A plaque there bears just two words: Central Park.

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© Minnesota Historical Society
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Larson, Paul Clifford. Minnesota Architect: The Life and Work of Clarence H. Johnston. Afton, MN: Afton Historical Society Press, 1996.

Nelson, Paul D. "Lost Neighborhood: The Life and Death of Central Park—A Small Part of the Past Illuminated." Ramsey County History 39, no. 3 (Fall 2004): 4–16.

Related Images

Tinted photographic postcard on paper depicting Minnesota Street in St. Paul's Central Park, c.1895.
Tinted photographic postcard on paper depicting Minnesota Street in St. Paul's Central Park, c.1895.
Black and white cabinet photograph of the Winter Carnival ice palace in St. Paul's Central Park. Taken in 1886 by Allen Swain.
Black and white cabinet photograph of the Winter Carnival ice palace in St. Paul's Central Park. Taken in 1886 by Allen Swain.
Black and white photograph of the Thomas L. Blood residence at 667 Central Park West in St. Paul, c.1888. Its view faces south.
Black and white photograph of the Thomas L. Blood residence at 667 Central Park West in St. Paul, c.1888. Its view faces south.
Black and white photograph of the W. Adams Hardenburgh residence at 665 Central Park Place West in St. Paul, c.1888.
Black and white photograph of the W. Adams Hardenburgh residence at 665 Central Park Place West in St. Paul, c.1888.
Black and white photograph looking south across the park, 1898.
Black and white photograph looking south across the park, 1898.
Black and white photograph of St. Paul's Central Park fountain, c.1898.
Black and white photograph of St. Paul's Central Park fountain, c.1898.
Black and white photograph of Central Park Place East, with the James Humphrey House and the Gustave Schurmeier rowhouses, c.1900.
Black and white photograph of Central Park Place East, with the James Humphrey House and the Gustave Schurmeier rowhouses, c.1900.
Black and white photograph looking northwest across Central Park, St. Paul, c.1900.
Black and white photograph looking northwest across Central Park, St. Paul, c.1900.
Tinted photographic postcard on paper. Its view faces northwest across Central Park toward the (then new) State Capitol, c.1915.
Tinted photographic postcard on paper. Its view faces northwest across Central Park toward the (then new) State Capitol, c.1915.
Black and white photograph of the wading pool being built in Central Park, 1929.
Black and white photograph of the wading pool being built in Central Park, 1929.
Black and white photograph of children playing in the fountain of St. Paul's Central Park, c. 1929 In the inset one can see the Minnesota Bakery Building on the south end of the park.
Black and white photograph of children playing in the fountain of St. Paul's Central Park, c. 1929 In the inset one can see the Minnesota Bakery Building on the south end of the park.
Black and white aerial photograph by R.E. Nielsen of St. Paul's Central Park, c.1955.
Black and white aerial photograph by R.E. Nielsen of St. Paul's Central Park, c.1955.
Black and white photograph of St. Paul's Central Park, c.1956. Its view looks south along Central Park Place West; the former Blood mansion is in the foreground.
Black and white photograph of St. Paul's Central Park, c.1956. Its view looks south along Central Park Place West; the former Blood mansion is in the foreground.
The last known photograph of St. Paul's Central Park in use as a park, 1960.
The last known photograph of St. Paul's Central Park in use as a park, 1960.
Color image of the plaque marking the location of St. Paul's Central Park, now the site of a parking lot at 54 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.
Color image of the plaque marking the location of St. Paul's Central Park, now the site of a parking lot at 54 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.

Turning Point

The Macey apartment building is built in 1892. From this date onward, all new residences on the park are apartments rather than mansions.

Chronology

1884

In the fall, the Lamprey, Dawson, Lindeke, and Schurmeier families dedicate land near their houses to the City of St. Paul for creation of a neighborhood park.

1886

The first Winter Carnival ice castle is built on the then-undeveloped Central Park.

1890

Three new houses designed by Clarence H. Johnston and one each by Edward Bassford and Augustus Gauger now face the park.

1892

Real estate entrepreneur Fred Bryant erects a five-story, fifty-flat apartment building, the Macey, at the southwest corner of the park.

1894

The State of Minnesota chooses land a few hundred yards west of Central Park for the new State Capitol.

1906

The new capitol is completed.

1909

Land immediately north of the park, the site of the former Lindeke and Dawson residences, is chosen for Mechanic Arts High School. Construction begins on Minnesota Bread Company bakery at the south end of the park.

1915

The Lamprey mansion, at the northwest corner of the park, is replaced by the new headquarters of the Minnesota Historical Society. It is the last building built on the park until 1958.

1929

The center of the park is re-graded into a playground and the fountain converted to a (never-completed) wading pool.

1956

To make way for the Centennial Building, destruction of all the original buildings on the west side of the park begins.

1958

Demolition of the original buildings is completed.

1961

Central Park is re-platted as part of the State Capitol complex.

February 1970

The Capitol Area Architecture and Planning Board holds a design competition for a parking ramp to be built on the Central Park site.

April 1970

The last Clarence Johnston house on the park, the Charles Miller House, is razed.

1974

The parking ramp opens.