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Morrill Hall Takeover, University of Minnesota

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Students rallying in front of Morrill Hall

Students rally in front of Morrill Hall at the University of Minnesota’s Minneapolis campus, 1969.

Black students at the University of Minnesota staged a twenty-four-hour protest at Morrill Hall, the school’s administrative building, in 1969. The demonstration led to the creation of the university’s Afro-American Studies Department.

On January 14, 1969, about seventy black students with the Afro-American Action Committee (AAAC) occupied the University of Minnesota’s bursar's and records office in Morrill Hall to protest the hostile campus environment towards black students and the absence of an African American studies department. The protest became known as the “Morrill Hall takeover.”

The demonstration, which lasted twenty-four hours, was the culmination of events sparked by the assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) on April 4, 1968. After Dr. King was assassinated, the Minnesota Student Association (MSA) announced an MLK memorial fund for economically disadvantaged students, and the university organized a human rights task force.

On April 11, 1968, the Afro-American Action Committee presented demands to the task force. These included funding scholarships to black graduates from Minnesota high schools; establishing counseling and recruitment offices for black students; reviewing athletic department policies towards black athletes; and creating an African American studies curriculum. The task force recessed at the end of spring quarter with little action taken to meet the demands.

In December 1968, black students approached University President Malcolm Moos for financial support for a black conference. Moos told the students that the university would assist with raising private funds. However, by early January 1969, only $1,500 had been raised for the conference that was planned for February.

At this point, the AAAC asserted that its demands were not taken seriously. It claimed that the university had failed to address the lack of an African American studies department and the isolation and marginalization that many black students experienced.

On January 13, 1969, AAAC representatives went to President Moos’ office with a list of three demands: (1) establishment of an Afro-American studies department by fall of 1969; (2) contribution by the university of half the expense for the black conference; and (3) transfer of the MLK scholarship fund supervision to an organization in the black community.

On January 14, 1969, about seventy students met with Moos at Morrill Hall in the Regent’s Room, but the students felt the discussion was not fruitful. They went to the office of the bursar and records and staged an occupation. They blocked the front door and refused to allow anyone to enter, though staff were allowed to leave. The protest was peaceful apart from one incident, in which an angry white student tried to force his way into the building. The AAAC began negotiating with university staff about their demands.

On January 15, 1969, the students and the university reached an agreement to end the demonstration. The university agreed to: (1) support the development of an academic program leading to a bachelor’s degree in African American studies; (2) give AAAC $5,260 from non-public funds for the black conference; and (3) add seven community members to the fourteen-member board of the MLK scholarship fund.

The protest ended peacefully with $7,229 in damages—most of them for office-equipment repair, custodial cleanup, personnel overtime, and long-distance calls made by students during the occupation. Some state legislators and the president of the Minneapolis Police Officers Federation urged the Hennepin County attorney to prosecute students who had participated. A grand jury indicted students Horace Huntley, Rose Mary Freeman, and Warren Tucker Jr., for aggravated criminal damage to property, rioting, and unlawful assembly.

The arrests sparked protest by thousands of students and community members. Protesters claimed the indictments were “politically motivated.” Freeman, who was president of the AAAC, and Huntley, who was secretary, had led the takeover. On November 7, 1969, Freeman and Huntley were convicted of unlawful assembly and given a ninety-day suspended sentence and one-year probation. Tucker was acquitted. The jury rejected the "criminal damage to property and rioting" charges.

The Morrill Hall takeover resulted in the establishment of the Department of Afro-American studies in 1969, which was one of the first in the nation. It later became the African American & African Studies department. The demonstration spurred the creation of scholarships and programs for black students. In 2012 the university created the Huntley House for African American Men (named for Horace Huntley) to provide support for students.

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“A Chronicle of Events from April 4, 1968, to March 7, 1969”
University of Minnesota Liberation Coalition, 1969
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46303

“Eubanks Denounces Student Indictments.” Minneapolis Star, March 7, 1969.

“The Events of January 13-15, 1969, at the University of Minnesota: January, 1969”
University of Minnesota: Office of the President
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu/11299/46297

Hughes, Art. “The Legacy of the Morrill Hall Takeover.” MPR News, April 21, 2006.
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2006/04/21/morrillhall

Indictment of Horace Huntley, Rose Mary Freeman, Warren Tucker Jr., Richard Roe, and Jane Doe
District Court for the Fourth Judicial District
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46308

Jones, Gwenyth. “2 Convicted in Takeover Trial: Felony Riot Charges Rejected by Jury.” Minneapolis Star, November 7, 1969.

Kuhn, David, and Howard Erickson. “Protesters at ‘U’ Weigh Faculty Reply.” Minneapolis Tribune, January 15, 1969.

“Morrill Hall Damages”
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46309

“On-Spot Coalition Meets at Protest.” Minneapolis Star, March 7, 1969.

“Press Release, January 14, 1969”
University of Minnesota News Service
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46312

“Questions and Answers about the Incident”
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection.
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46313

Schranck, Bob. “Grand Jury Findings on ‘U’ Sit-in Revealed. Minneapolis Star, October 2, 1969.

“Seventy Black Students Stage ‘U’ Protest Tuesday.” Minneapolis Spokesman, January 16, 1969.

Smebakken, Ted. “State Lawmakers Criticize Black Takeover at University.” Minneapolis Star, January 15, 1969.

“Students to Protest Trial of Three Blacks.” Minneapolis Star, October 18, 1969.

“Thiss Criticizes ‘U’ Professor.” Minneapolis Star, March 7, 1969.

“Trial Begins for 3 ‘U’ Students.” Minneapolis Tribune, October 21, 1969.

“‘U’ GOP Attacks Indictments in Hall Takeover.” Minneapolis Star, October 18, 1969.

“An Understanding Based on the Demands of the AAAC”
University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Morrill Hall Takeover Documents Collection
Description: Reports, correspondence, documents, and memoranda regarding the Morrill Hall takeover at the University of Minnesota in 1969.
https://conservancy.umn.edu./11299/46307

Vaughan, Peter. “2 Black Student Leaders at ‘U’ Experienced in Demonstrations.” Minneapolis Star, January 15, 1969.

Vaughan, Peter. “Kroll Puts ‘U’ Student Group in Vanguard of Rights Fight.” Minneapolis Star, March 7, 1969.

Vaughan, Peter, and Michael Wolff, Michael. “Blacks Sit In When ‘U’ Talks Fail.” Minneapolis Star, January 15, 1969.

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Turning Point

On January 15, 1969, the takeover of Morrill Hall ends as University of Minnesota students and administrators reach an agreement. Its terms lead to the creation of the Department of Afro-American studies.

Chronology

April 4, 1968

Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated.

April 5, 1968

A rally is held at the University of Minnesota. The Minnesota Student Association announces a memorial fund for economically disadvantaged students, to be supervised by university faculty.

April 8, 1968

The university forms a task force on human rights.

April 11, 1968

The Afro-American Action Committee (AAAC) presents a list of seven demands to the university. The task force is assigned to address the demands.

May 15, 1968

The task force recommends creating recruitment programs and scholarships for disadvantaged students. By the end of spring, the university has donated some funding to the MLK fund but has not recruited widely or formed an Afro-American Studies department.

December 5, 1968

The AAAC requests financial support from the university for a black conference in February 1969. President Malcolm Moos agrees to assist in obtaining private funding. By January 1969, however, only $1,500 had been raised.

January 13, 1969

AAAC representatives give three demands to the university.

January 14, 1969

President Moos meets with seventy black students. The students end the meeting and proceed to take over the bursar's and records office. The takeover lasts twenty-hours.

January 15, 1969

The protest ends as the students and university reach an agreement.

March 3, 1969

A grand jury indicts Horace Huntley, Rose Mary Freeman, and Warren Tucker on charges stemming from the takeover. Students and community members protest.

November 7, 1969

Huntley and Freeman are convicted of unlawful assembly but acquitted of criminal damage to property and riot charges. Tucker is acquitted of all charges.

1969

The Department of Afro-American Studies is established at the University of Minnesota.