War and Conflict | Page 8

Soldiers and Sailors Memorial

Soldiers and Sailors Memorial, Summit Park, St. Paul. Photograph by Peter DeCarlo, June 19, 2020.

Soldiers and Sailors Memorial, St. Paul

Designed to commemorate people who served in the US military during the Civil War, the Soldiers and Sailors Monument in St. Paul (sometimes called the Josias King Memorial) was erected in 1903. Crowning the monument is a statue of Josias R. King, who is widely regarded as the first US volunteer in the Civil War. King also participated in violent campaigns to punish Dakota people after the US–Dakota War of 1862, known as the Punitive Expeditions. These included the Massacre of White Stone Hill, in which the US military killed hundreds of Native men, women, and children. King's participation in the massacre has complicated his presence in the monument.